Contents

• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Introduction
  • Science as Art
  • The Scientific Method
  • Statistics
  • Aspects of science
  • Symmetry
  • Units and measurements
  • Questions
• Motion
  • Position
  • Velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Graphing Motion
  • Free fall motion
  • Questions
• Forces and Newton's Laws
  • Forces
  • Newton's Laws
    • Newton's 1st Law
    • Newton's 2nd Law
    • Newton's 3rd Law
  • Weight and Mass
  • Questions
• Work and Energy
  • Work
  • Power
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Potential Energy
    • Gravitational Potential Energy
    • Elastic or Spring Potential Energy
    • Electrical Potential Energy
  • Other types of energy
    • Heat
    • Wave energy
    • Mass energy
  • Conservation of momentum
  • Symmetries and Conservation Laws
  • Questions
• Rotational Motion
  • Circular motion
    • Angular position
    • Angular velocity
    • Angular acceleration
  • Torque
    • Static Equilibrium
    • Moment of inertia
  • Rotational kinetic energy
  • Angular momentum
  • Questions
• Gravity
  • Newton's Law of Gravity
  • Gravitational Acceleration
  • Weight and Mass, Revisited
  • Gravitational Potential Energy
  • Escape Velocity
  • Orbital Motion and Kepler's Laws
  • Gravity as Curved Space: Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
  • Black Holes
  • Questions
• Fluids
  • States of Matter
  • Fluid Flow and the Continuity Equation
  • Pressure
  • Buoyancy
    • Bernoulli's Principle
  • Questions
• Heat
  • The nature of heat
  • Temperature
  • Heat Capacity
  • Heat Transfer
    • Conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation
  • 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
    • Heat flows from hot to cold
    • Heat cannot be completely converted
    • Isolated systems become disordered
  • Questions
• Electricity and Magnetism
  • Electric charges
    • Atomic view of charges
  • Electric field
  • Charges in motion
    • Electric potential
    • Current
    • Resistance
    • Electrical Power
  • Magnetism and magnetic fields
  • Magnetic forces on moving charges
    • Force on a current-carrying wire
    • Electric motor
    • Speaker
  • Magnetism from electricity
    • Magnetic materials
  • Currents from magnetism
    • Electric generator
    • Microphone
    • Magnetic tape reader
    • Diamagnets and superconductors
  • Questions
• Light
  • Properties of light
    • Reflection
    • The Speed of Light
    • Refraction
    • Rainbows
    • Diffraction
    • Interference
  • Waves
    • Properties of waves
    • Wave phenomena
    • Double Slit Experiment Revisited
  • Electromagnetic waves
    • Electromagnetic spectrum
  • Questions
• Special Relativity
  • The Postulates of Special Relativity
  • Frames of Reference and Galilean Transformations
  • Time Dilation
  • Length Contraction
  • Lorentz Transformations and the Addition of Velocities
  • Other Implications of Special Relativity
    • E = mc²
    • Space Travel
    • The Twin Paradox
    • Tachyons and Time Travel
• Quantum Theory
  • Early models of the atom
    • Problems with early models
  • Bohr model of the atom
  • Bohr model
    • de Broglie waves
    • Electrons as de Broglie waves
    • Quantized orbits
    • Emission spectrum
    • Absorption spectrum
    • Stimulated emission
  • Wave particle duality
    • Electrons as particles
    • Electrons as waves
    • Light as waves
    • Light as photons
    • Bowling balls as waves?
    • Two slit diffraction
    • The uncertainty relations
  • Complex atoms
    • The Periodic Table
    • The Pauli exclusion principle
    • Valence bonds
    • Semiconducting devices
• Nuclear Physics
  • Nuclei
  • Mass and Energy
    • The Strong Nuclear Force and Binding Energy
  • Radioactivity
  • Measuring Radioactivity
  • Half life
    • Radon gas
  • Nuclear Reactions
  • Uses of radiation
    • Non-medical uses
    • Medical uses
• Earth and other Planets
  • The Solar System
    • Nebular Hypothesis
    • Evolution of the Earth
  • The Dynamic Earth
  • Plate Tectonics
    • Plate boundaries
    • Mantle Convection
  • Earth's Cycles
    • Atmospheric Cycle
    • Water Cycle
    • Rock Cycle
  • Human Consequences
    • Ozone hole
    • Acid Rain
    • Greenhouse Effect
• Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
  • Stars
    • Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams
    • Lives and Deaths of Stars
  • Galaxies
  • The Universe
    • Hubble's Law
    • Expanding Universe
    • Big Bang
    • Big Crunch?
• Index