Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?

A common bit of code NOT TO USE is this:

    sleep(3) while -e "file.lock";	# PLEASE DO NOT USE
    open(LCK, "> file.lock");		# THIS BROKEN CODE

This is a classic race condition: you take two steps to do something which must be done in one. That's why computer hardware provides an atomic test-and-set instruction. In theory, this "ought" to work:

    sysopen(FH, "file.lock", O_WRONLY|O_EXCL|O_CREAT)
		or die "can't open  file.lock: $!":

except that lamentably, file creation (and deletion) is not atomic over NFS, so this won't work (at least, not every time) over the net. Various schemes involving link() have been suggested, but these tend to involve busy-wait, which is also subdesirable.

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