| Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm |
Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
use Unicode::Collate;
#construct $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(%tailoring);
#sort @sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted);
#compare $result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b); # returns 1, 0, or -1.
This module is an implementation of Unicode Technical Standard #10 (UTS #10) ``Unicode Collation Algorithm.''
The new method returns a collator object.
$Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(
UCA_Version => $UCA_Version,
alternate => $alternate,
backwards => $levelNumber, # or \@levelNumbers
entry => $element,
normalization => $normalization_form,
ignoreName => qr/$ignoreName/,
ignoreChar => qr/$ignoreChar/,
katakana_before_hiragana => $bool,
level => $collationLevel,
overrideCJK => \&overrideCJK,
overrideHangul => \&overrideHangul,
preprocess => \&preprocess,
rearrange => \@charList,
table => $filename,
undefName => qr/$undefName/,
undefChar => qr/$undefChar/,
upper_before_lower => $bool,
);
# if %tailoring is false (i.e. empty),
# $Collator should do the default collation.
UCA_Version() is used.
The supported version: 8 or 9.
This parameter may be removed in the future version, as switching the algorithm would affect the performance.
(the title in UCA version 8: Alternate Weighting)
This key allows to alternate weighting for variable collation elements, which are marked with an ASTERISK in the table (NOTE: Many punction marks and symbols are variable in allkeys.txt).
alternate => 'blanked', 'non-ignorable', 'shifted', or 'shift-trimmed'.
These names are case-insensitive. By default (if specification is omitted), 'shifted' is adopted.
'Blanked' Variable elements are made ignorable at levels 1 through 3;
considered at the 4th level.
'Non-ignorable' Variable elements are not reset to ignorable.
'Shifted' Variable elements are made ignorable at levels 1 through 3
their level 4 weight is replaced by the old level 1 weight.
Level 4 weight for Non-Variable elements is 0xFFFF.
'Shift-Trimmed' Same as 'shifted', but all FFFF's at the 4th level
are trimmed.
backwards => $levelNumber or \@levelNumbers
Weights in reverse order; ex. level 2 (diacritic ordering) in French. If omitted, forwards at all the levels.
Overrides a default order or defines additional collation elements
entry => <<'ENTRIES', # use the UCA file format 00E6 ; [.0861.0020.0002.00E6] [.08B1.0020.0002.00E6] # ligature <ae> as <a><e> 0063 0068 ; [.0893.0020.0002.0063] # "ch" in traditional Spanish 0043 0068 ; [.0893.0020.0008.0043] # "Ch" in traditional Spanish ENTRIES
NOTE: The code point in the UCA file format (before ';')
must be a Unicode code point, but not a native code point.
So 0063 must always denote U+0063,
but not a character of "\x63".
Makes the entry in the table completely ignorable; i.e. as if the weights were zero at all level.
E.g. when 'a' and 'e' are ignorable, 'element' is equal to 'lament' (or 'lmnt').
Set the maximum level. Any higher levels than the specified one are ignored.
Level 1: alphabetic ordering Level 2: diacritic ordering Level 3: case ordering Level 4: tie-breaking (e.g. in the case when alternate is 'shifted')
ex.level => 2,
If omitted, the maximum is the 4th.
If specified, strings are normalized before preparation of sort keys (the normalization is executed after preprocess).
As a form name, one of the following names must be used.
'C' or 'NFC' for Normalization Form C 'D' or 'NFD' for Normalization Form D 'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC 'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD
If omitted, the string is put into Normalization Form D.
If undef is passed explicitly as the value for this key,
any normalization is not carried out (this may make tailoring easier
if any normalization is not desired).
see CAVEAT.
By default, mapping of CJK Unified Ideographs uses the Unicode codepoint order. But the mapping of CJK Unified Ideographs may be overrided.
ex. CJK Unified Ideographs in the JIS code point order.
overrideCJK => sub {
my $u = shift; # get a Unicode codepoint
my $b = pack('n', $u); # to UTF-16BE
my $s = your_unicode_to_sjis_converter($b); # convert
my $n = unpack('n', $s); # convert sjis to short
[ $n, 0x20, 0x2, $u ]; # return the collation element
},
ex. ignores all CJK Unified Ideographs.
overrideCJK => sub {()}, # CODEREF returning empty list
# where ->eq("Pe\x{4E00}rl", "Perl") is true
# as U+4E00 is a CJK Unified Ideograph and to be ignorable.
If undef is passed explicitly as the value for this key,
weights for CJK Unified Ideographs are treated as undefined.
But assignment of weight for CJK Unified Ideographs
in table or entry is still valid.
By default, Hangul Syllables are decomposed into Hangul Jamo. But the mapping of Hangul Syllables may be overrided.
This tag works like overrideCJK, so see there for examples.
If you want to override the mapping of Hangul Syllables, the Normalization Forms D and KD are not appropriate (they will be decomposed before overriding).
If undef is passed explicitly as the value for this key,
weight for Hangul Syllables is treated as undefined
without decomposition into Hangul Jamo.
But definition of weight for Hangul Syllables
in table or entry is still valid.
If specified, the coderef is used to preprocess before the formation of sort keys.
ex. dropping English articles, such as ``a'' or ``the''. Then, ``the pen'' is before ``a pencil''.
preprocess => sub {
my $str = shift;
$str =~ s/\b(?:an?|the)\s+//gi;
$str;
},
Characters that are not coded in logical order and to be rearranged. By default,
rearrange => [ 0x0E40..0x0E44, 0x0EC0..0x0EC4 ],
If you want to disallow any rearrangement,
pass undef or [] (a reference to an empty list)
as the value for this key.
According to the version 9 of UCA, this parameter shall not be used; but it is not warned at present.
You can use another element table if desired. The table file must be put into a directory where Unicode/Collate.pm is installed. E.g. in perl/lib/Unicode/Collate directory when you have perl/lib/Unicode/Collate.pm.
By default, the filename ``allkeys.txt'' is used.
If undef is passed explicitly as the value for this key,
no file is read (but you can define collation elements via entry).
A typical way to define a collation element table without any file of table:
$onlyABC = Unicode::Collate->new(
table => undef,
entry => << 'ENTRIES',
0061 ; [.0101.0020.0002.0061] # LATIN SMALL LETTER A
0041 ; [.0101.0020.0008.0041] # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
0062 ; [.0102.0020.0002.0062] # LATIN SMALL LETTER B
0042 ; [.0102.0020.0008.0042] # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
0063 ; [.0103.0020.0002.0063] # LATIN SMALL LETTER C
0043 ; [.0103.0020.0008.0043] # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
ENTRIES
);
Undefines the collation element as if it were unassigned in the table. This reduces the size of the table. If an unassigned character appears in the string to be collated, the sort key is made from its codepoint as a single-character collation element, as it is greater than any other assigned collation elements (in the codepoint order among the unassigned characters). But, it'd be better to ignore characters unfamiliar to you and maybe never used.
By default, lowercase is before uppercase and hiragana is before katakana.
If the tag is made true, this is reversed.
NOTE: These tags simplemindedly assume any lowercase/uppercase or hiragana/katakana distinctions must occur in level 3, and their weights at level 3 must be same as those mentioned in 7.3.1, UTS #10. If you define your collation elements which violate this requirement, these tags don't work validly.
@sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted)$result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b)$a is greater than $b)
or 0 (when $a is equal to $b)
or -1 (when $a is lesser than $b).
$result = $Collator->eq($a, $b)$result = $Collator->ne($a, $b)$result = $Collator->lt($a, $b)$result = $Collator->le($a, $b)$result = $Collator->gt($a, $b)$result = $Collator->ge($a, $b)eq : whether $a is equal to $b. ne : whether $a is not equal to $b. lt : whether $a is lesser than $b. le : whether $a is lesser than $b or equal to $b. gt : whether $a is greater than $b. ge : whether $a is greater than $b or equal to $b.
$sortKey = $Collator->getSortKey($string)Returns a sort key.
You compare the sort keys using a binary comparison and get the result of the comparison of the strings using UCA.
$Collator->getSortKey($a) cmp $Collator->getSortKey($b)
is equivalent to
$Collator->cmp($a, $b)
$sortKeyForm = $Collator->viewSortKey($string)
use Unicode::Collate;
my $c = Unicode::Collate->new();
print $c->viewSortKey("Perl"),"\n";
# output: # [0B67 0A65 0B7F 0B03 | 0020 0020 0020 0020 | 0008 0002 0002 0002 | FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF] # Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
(If C<UCA_Version> is 8, the output is slightly different.)
DISCLAIMER: If preprocess or normalization tag is true
for $Collator, calling these methods (index, match, gmatch,
subst, gsubst) is croaked,
as the position and the length might differ
from those on the specified string.
(And the rearrange tag is neglected.)
The match, gmatch, subst, gsubst methods work
like m//, m//g, s///, s///g, respectively,
but they are not aware of any pattern, but only a literal substring.
$position = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position])($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position])$substring matches a part of $string, returns
the position of the first occurrence of the matching part in scalar context;
in list context, returns a two-element list of
the position and the length of the matching part.
If $substring does not match any part of $string,
returns -1 in scalar context and
an empty list in list context.
e.g. you say
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new( normalization => undef, level => 1 );
# (normalization => undef) is REQUIRED.
my $str = "Ich muß studieren Perl.";
my $sub = "MÜSS";
my $match;
if (my($pos,$len) = $Collator->index($str, $sub)) {
$match = substr($str, $pos, $len);
}
and get "muß" in $match since "muß"
is primary equal to "MÜSS".
$match_ref = $Collator->match($string, $substring)($match) = $Collator->match($string, $substring)$substring matches a part of $string, in scalar context, returns
a reference to the first occurrence of the matching part
($match_ref is always true if matches,
since every reference is true);
in list context, returns the first occurrence of the matching part.
If $substring does not match any part of $string,
returns undef in scalar context and
an empty list in list context.
e.g.
if ($match_ref = $Collator->match($str, $sub)) { # scalar context
print "matches [$$match_ref].\n";
} else {
print "doesn't match.\n";
}
or
if (($match) = $Collator->match($str, $sub)) { # list context
print "matches [$match].\n";
} else {
print "doesn't match.\n";
}
@match = $Collator->gmatch($string, $substring)$substring matches a part of $string, returns
all the matching parts (or matching count in scalar context).
If $substring does not match any part of $string,
returns an empty list.
$count = $Collator->subst($string, $substring, $replacement)$substring matches a part of $string,
the first occurrence of the matching part is replaced by $replacement
($string is modified) and return $count (always equals to 1).
$replacement can be a CODEREF,
taking the matching part as an argument,
and returning a string to replace the matching part
(a bit similar to s/(..)/$coderef->($1)/e).
$count = $Collator->gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)$substring matches a part of $string,
all the occurrences of the matching part is replaced by $replacement
($string is modified) and return $count.
$replacement can be a CODEREF,
taking the matching part as an argument,
and returning a string to replace the matching part
(a bit similar to s/(..)/$coderef->($1)/eg).
e.g.
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new( normalization => undef, level => 1 );
# (normalization => undef) is REQUIRED.
my $str = "Camel ass came\x{301}l CAMEL horse cAm\0E\0L...";
$Collator->gsubst($str, "camel", sub { "<b>$_[0]</b>" });
# now $str is "<b>Camel</b> ass <b>came\x{301}l</b> <b>CAMEL</b> horse <b>cAm\0E\0L</b>...";
# i.e., all the camels are made bold-faced.
%old_tailoring = $Collator->change(%new_tailoring)
$Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(level => 4);
$Collator->eq("perl", "PERL"); # false
%old = $Collator->change(level => 2); # returns (level => 4).
$Collator->eq("perl", "PERL"); # true
$Collator->change(%old); # returns (level => 2).
$Collator->eq("perl", "PERL"); # false
Not all (key,value)s are allowed to be changed.
See also @Unicode::Collate::ChangeOK and @Unicode::Collate::ChangeNG.
In the scalar context, returns the modified collator (but it is not a clone from the original).
$Collator->change(level => 2)->eq("perl", "PERL"); # true
$Collator->eq("perl", "PERL"); # true; now max level is 2nd.
$Collator->change(level => 4)->eq("perl", "PERL"); # false
None by default.
Use of the normalization parameter requires
the Unicode::Normalize module.
If you need not it (say, in the case when you need not
handle any combining characters),
assign normalization => undef explicitly.
-- see 6.5 Avoiding Normalization, UTS #10.
The Conformance Test for the UCA is provided in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html and http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip
For CollationTest_SHIFTED.txt,
a collator via Unicode::Collate->new( ) should be used;
for CollationTest_NON_IGNORABLE.txt, a collator via
Unicode::Collate->new(alternate => "non-ignorable", level => 3).
Unicode::Normalize is required to try The Conformance Test.
SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>
http://homepage1.nifty.com/nomenclator/perl/
Copyright(C) 2001-2003, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
| Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm |