Good question. Sometimes -t STDIN and -t STDOUT can give clues, sometimes not.
if (-t STDIN && -t STDOUT) {
print "Now what? ";
}On POSIX systems, you can test whether your own process group matches
the current process group of your controlling terminal as follows:
use POSIX qw/getpgrp tcgetpgrp/;
open(TTY, "/dev/tty") or die $!;
$tpgrp = tcgetpgrp(fileno(*TTY));
$pgrp = getpgrp();
if ($tpgrp == $pgrp) {
print "foreground\n";
} else {
print "background\n";
}